Monday, March 7, 2016

Percentages and RPE (Rate of Perceived Exertion)



Your training age will influence many things throughout your years lifting things, and how well you know your body is one of them. This knowledge of what your body can handle is something that comes with time. Other factors such as sleep, nutrition, and workload at school/work have an influence on how we think and function throughout the day, and will carry over to training as well. As a result, your readiness for each workout changes from day to day. For example, if you go to the gym and plan to bench 225 pounds, this weight will not feel the same every day. 225 may feel like a million pounds some days, and light as a feather other days. To gauge what percentage of your maximal effort this weight feels like to you, you can use a Rate of Perceived Exertion scale (RPE). This scale is based on a range from 1-10, 1 being practically so easy you could do it in your sleep, and 10 being 100% of your effort that you can exert for that day (figure 1).



Figure 1: RPE scale, describing what each numeric value will feel like, respectively.

The RPE scale, in my opinion, is best used by more experienced lifters. These are lifters who know their bodies very well, and understand what they can handle. When I talk about knowing your body, I’m talking about knowing exactly what 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, and 100% of your maximal effort for that day feels like when lifting a weight. This knowledge is only gained with time and experience under the bar. Experienced lifters will know how their bodies feel and what they are capable of doing, considering the amount of sleep they’ve had and other stressors that are going on in their lives. They adjust their lifts/weights on the fly, based on how the weight feels that day.

On the other hand there are beginners, or novice lifters. Novice lifters do not know their bodies and capabilities like the more advanced lifters do. They are still learning to coordinate movements well and move more efficiently. Therefore their weights can fluctuate greatly and they do not have a good understanding of what certain percentages feel like when lifting a given weight. I therefore believe a percentage-based program works well for beginners, to give them a better idea of what percentages feel like when lifting a given weight. This program gives them the time and ability to work on technique, learn their bodies, and still progress.  In addition, your form will change when increasing the percentage of the weight being used, moving closer towards your one rep maximum (1RM). This means that your form may be good up to 85% and then fall apart at 85%+ (figure 2). 



Figure 2: A novice lifter increasing his % max. At 85% of his “potential max,” because he can do this weight for reps, he is able to perform the lift competently. When lifting heavier weights, 85+%, his form falls apart and he is unable to complete the lift/set.

In summary, more advanced lifters can, and will, benefit from working off their RPE, since they know their bodies well. That is not saying that they won’t benefit from using percentages, but it gives them the option to use RPE effectively. Novice lifters, on the other hand, will benefit from a more structured program based off of percentages, in order to learn movement competency and develop the skill of learning what certain percentages of their maximum effort feels like.

Ryan Goodell, CSCS

P.S. – To learn more about the differences between novice and advanced lifters check out INTERmuscular and INTRAmuscular Strength/Coordination and Why That’s Important

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